Appendix B: The <binding> element

Adding a binding to a UI control, MIDI handler, or modulator tells the DecentSampler engine that it should take input from a source and use it to change values in another part of the engine. An example of this would be a knob which controls the volume of a group, a CC controller that changes an effect parameter, or an LFO that modulates an effect parameter.

In order to set up a binding for a specific source, create a <binding> element within the source element.

In this example, a labeled knob is controlling the volume of the first group of samples (group 0):

<DecentSampler>
  <ui>
    <tab>
      <labeled-knob x="420" y="100" label="RT" type="float" minValue="0" maxValue="1" value="0.3" textSize="20">
        <binding type="amp" level="group" position="0" parameter="AMP_VOLUME" translation="linear" translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="1.0"  />
      </labeled-knob>
    </tab>
  </ui>
</DecentSampler>

Here’s a full list of parameters for the <binding> element:

Attribute	Description
type	This tells the engine what type of parameter this is. Valid values are: “amp”, “effect”, “control”.	Required
level	Valid values are ui, instrument, group	Required
position	The specific 0-based index of the element to be modified by this binding. If you are targeting a group, for example, the first group would be 0, the second group would be 1, etc.	Required
controlIndex	When a binding is targeting a control, this is the same thing as the position attribute. It is a specific 0-based index of the control to be modified by this binding. If you are targeting an group-level effect, this would specified the group under which the effect lives.	Optional
groupIndex	When a binding is targeting a group, this is the same thing as the position attribute. It is a specific 0-based index of the group to be modified by this binding. If you are targeting an group-level effect, this would specified the group under which the effect lives.	Optional
effectIndex	When a binding is targeting an effect, this is the same thing as the position attribute. It is a specific 0-based index of the effect to be modified by this binding.	Optional
modulatorIndex	When a binding is targeting a modulator, this is the same thing as the position attribute. It is a specific 0-based index of the modulator to be modified by this binding.	Optional
tags	A comma-separated list of tags to be modified by this binding. This allows you to set values for multiple groups at once by targeting a tag that is assigned to the groups.	Optional
enabled	A value that turns the binding on and off. Valid values are: true, false.	Optional
identifier	A string identifying the specific parameter that you wish to change. If you are modulating based on tags, you would put the tag you are targeting here. See Appendix D for example.	Required
parameter	A token describing the specific kind of parameter that you wish to change. A list of controller parameters are below.	Required
translation	Valid values are fixed_value, linear and table. Explanation of both translation modes is in a separate section below. Default: linear	Optional
translationOutputMin	This is the min value this binding should send to the target parameter. This is only looked at if translation is set to linear.	Optional
translationOutputMax	This is the max value this binding should send to the target parameter. This is only looked at if translation is set to linear.	Optional
translationReversed	Valid values are true and false. Default: false. This is only looked at if translation is set to linear.	Optional
translationTable	A list of input-output pairs that make up the translation table. The input and output are separated by commas. The groups of coordinates themselves are separated by semi-colons. Default: 0,0;1,1. You must have at least two coordinates in your list. This is only looked at if translation is set to table.	Optional
translationValue	The value that should be passed along when translation is set to fixed_value.	Optional

Binding Parameters for Targeting Note Sequences

A special set of binding attributes exist for targeting note sequences:

Attribute	Description	Default	Required
seqIndex	A 0-based index of a sequence underneath the <noteSequences> section	None	Required
seqTriggerBehavior	What the binding should do with the sequence in question. Valid values are on (start playing the sequence), off (stop playing the sequence), midi_key (special value that will cause the binding to follow a specific MIDI key note binding)	midi_key	Optional
seqPlayerIdentifier	An identifier used for tracking the state of a sequence. This value can be any sequence of numbers or letters.	None	Required when seqTriggerBehavior is on or off
seqTrackMidiInputVelocity	Whether or not the sequence should respect the velocity of the incoming MIDI note. This can only be used when the sequence is being triggered by a MIDI note binding. Value should be a floating point number from 0.0 to 1.		Optional
seqTranspose	Transpose the notes in the sequence by an arbitrary number of half steps. Value should be a floating point number from -36 to 36.	Any sequence of numbers of letters	Optional
seqTransposeWithRootNote	Transpose the notes in the sequence relative to the pitch of the incoming MIDI note. This can only be used when the sequence is being triggered by a MIDI note binding. Value should be a floating point number from 0 to 127.	Any sequence of numbers of letters	Optional
seqPlaybackRate	The speed of playback. Value should be a floating point number from 0.001 to 10000.	1.0	Optional
seqLoopMode	Valid values are: forward, reverse, random, random_no_repeat, no_loop	forward	Optional

Controllable Parameters

This is a list of parameters that can be used in conjunction with the <binding> element above. NOTE: The table below scrolls to the right.

Description	type	level	parameter	Valid Range	Modulatable	Additional required parameters
Global Volume	amp	instrument	AMP_VOLUME	0.0 - 16.0	No	N/A
Global Tuning	amp	instrument	GLOBAL_TUNING	-36.0 - 36.0	No	N/A
Global Pan	amp	instrument	PAN	-100 - 100	No	N/A
Sample Start (see note 2 below)	general	instrument or group	SAMPLE_START	0 - last sample	No	This value will be in number of raw samples where 0 is the beginning. See note 2 below.
Sample End (see note 2 below)	general	instrument or group	SAMPLE_END	0 - last sample	No	This value will be in number of raw samples where 0 is the beginning. See note 2 below.
Loop Start (see note 2 below)	general	instrument or group	LOOP_START	0 - last sample	No	This value will be in number of raw samples where 0 is the beginning. See note 2 below.
Loop End (see note 2 below)	general	instrument or group	LOOP_END	0 - last sample	No	This value will be in number of raw samples where 0 is the beginning. See note 2 below.
Amplitude Velocity Tracking	amp	instrument	AMP_VEL_TRACK	0.0 - 1.0	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Attack	amp	instrument	ENV_ATTACK	0.0 - 10.0	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Attack Curve Shape	amp	instrument	ENV_ATTACK_CURVE	-100 - 100	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Decay	amp	instrument	ENV_DECAY	0.0 - 25.0	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Decay Curve Shape	amp	instrument	ENV_DECAY_CURVE	-100 - 100	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Sustain	amp	instrument	ENV_SUSTAIN	0.0 - 1.0	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Release	amp	instrument	ENV_RELEASE	0.0 - 25.0	No	N/A
Global Amp Envelope Release Curve Shape	amp	instrument	ENV_RELEASE_CURVE	-100 - 100	No	N/A
Glide/Portamento Time	amp	instrument	GLIDE_TIME	0.0 - 10.0	No	N/A
Effect Enabled (all effects)	effect	instrument	ENABLED	false, true	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Convolution Mix Level	effect	instrument	FX_MIX	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Convolution IR File	effect	instrument	FX_IR_FILE	Text	No	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Filter Frequency (for several filters)	effect	instrument	FX_FILTER_FREQUENCY	0.0 - 22000.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Peak or Notch Filter Q	effect	instrument	FX_FILTER_Q	0.01 - 18.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Peak or Notch Filter Gain	effect	instrument	FX_FILTER_GAIN	0.0 - 10.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Low-pass or High-pass Filter Resonance	effect	instrument	FX_FILTER_RESONANCE	0.0 - 5.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Reverb Wet Level	effect	instrument	FX_REVERB_WET_LEVEL	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Reverb Room Size	effect	instrument	FX_REVERB_ROOM_SIZE	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Reverb Damping	effect	instrument	FX_REVERB_DAMPING	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Chorus/Phaser/Convolution Mix Level	effect	instrument	FX_MIX	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Chorus/Phaser Mod Depth	effect	instrument	FX_MOD_DEPTH	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Chorus/Phaser Mod Rate	effect	instrument	FX_MOD_RATE	0.0 - 10.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Phaser Center Frequency	effect	instrument	FX_CENTER_FREQUENCY	0.0 - 22000.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Phaser/Delay Feedback	effect	instrument	FX_FEEDBACK	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Delay Time	effect	instrument	FX_DELAY_TIME	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Delay Time Format	effect	instrument	FX_DELAY_TIME_FORMAT	seconds, musical_time	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Delay Stereo Offset	effect	instrument	FX_STEREO_OFFSET	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Delay Wet Level	effect	instrument	FX_WET_LEVEL	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	effectIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the effect
Gain Level	effect	instrument	LEVEL	0.0 - 8.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Wave Folder Drive Level	effect	instrument	FX_DRIVE	1 - 100	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Wave Folder Threshold	effect	instrument	FX_THRESHOLD	1 - 100	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Wave Shaper Drive Level	effect	instrument	FX_DRIVE	0.0 - 1000.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Wave Shaper Output Level	effect	instrument	FX_OUTPUT_LEVEL	0.0 - 8.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Wave Shaper Drive Boost	effect	instrument	FX_DRIVE_BOOST	0.0 - 1.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Enabled / Disabled	amp	group	ENABLED	true, false		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Volume	amp	group	AMP_VOLUME	0.0 - 16.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Tuning	amp	group	GROUP_TUNING	-36.0 - 36.0	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Pan	amp	group	PAN	-100 - 100	Yes	groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Amplitude Velocity Tracking	amp	group	AMP_VEL_TRACK	0.0 - 1.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Amp Envelope Attack	amp	group	ENV_ATTACK	0.0 - 10.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Amp Envelope Decay	amp	group	ENV_DECAY	0.0 - 25.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Amp Envelope Sustain	amp	group	ENV_SUSTAIN	0.0 - 1.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Amp Envelope Release	amp	group	ENV_RELEASE	0.0 - 25.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Group Glide/Portamento Time	amp	group	GLIDE_TIME	0.0 - 10.0		groupIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the group
Tag Enabled	amp	tag	TAG_ENABLED	true, false		identifier contains the tag name
Tag Volume	amp	tag	TAG_VOLUME	0.0 - 16.0		identifier contains the tag name
MIDI Note Mapping Enabled	note	midi	ENABLED	Any number		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element
MIDI Note Binding Enabled	note_binding	midi	ENABLED	Any number		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqIndex	note_binding	midi	SEQ_INDEX	Any whole number		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqLoopMode	note_binding	midi	SEQ_LOOP_MODE	forward, reverse, random, random_no_repeat, no_loop		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqTransposeWithRootNote	note_binding	midi	SEQ_TRANSPOSE_WITH_ROOT_NOTE	0 - 128		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqPlaybackRate	note_binding	midi	SEQ_PLAYBACK_RATE	0.001 - 10000		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqTrackMidiInputVelocity	note_binding	midi	SEQ_TRACK_MIDI_INPUT_VELOCITY	0.0 - 1.0		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Note Binding Change seqTranspose	note_binding	midi	SEQ_TRANSPOSE	-36 - 36		noteIndex that contains the 0-based index of the note within the <midi> element and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
MIDI Velocity Binding Enabled	velocity_binding	midi	ENABLED	Any number		bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
UI Button State Binding Enabled	button_state_binding	ui	ENABLED	true, false		controlIndex contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below), stateIndex contains the 0-based index of the state in question, and bindingIndex that contains the index of the binding being referenced.
UI Control Enabled	control	ui	ENABLED	true, false		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Visibile	control	ui	VISIBLE	true, false		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Value	control	ui	VALUE	Any number		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Text	control	ui	TEXT	Text		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Minimum Value	control	ui	MIN_VALUE	Any number		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Maximum Value	control	ui	MAX_VALUE	Any number		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Control Value Type	control	ui	VALUE_TYPE	float, integer, musical_time		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Image Control Path	control	ui	PATH	Text		controlIndex or position contains the 0-based index of the control in question (see note 1 below)
UI Keyboard Coloring Enable / Disable	keyboard_color	ui.	ENABLED	true, false		colorIndex that contains the 0-based index of the color element within the <keyboard> element
Modulator Amount (Depth)	modulator	instrument	MOD_AMOUNT	0.0 - 1.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
LFO Modulator Rate (or Frequency)	modulator	instrument	FREQUENCY	0.0 - 22000.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Attack	modulator	instrument	ENV_ATTACK	0.0 - 10.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Attack Curve Shape	modulator	instrument	ENV_ATTACK_CURVE	-100 - 100		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Decay	modulator	instrument	ENV_DECAY	0.0 - 25.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Decay Curve Shape	modulator	instrument	ENV_DECAY_CURVE	-100 - 100		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Sustain	modulator	instrument	ENV_SUSTAIN	0.0 - 1.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Release	modulator	instrument	ENV_RELEASE	0.0 - 25.0		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Envelope Modulator Release Curve Shape	modulator	instrument	ENV_RELEASE_CURVE	-100 - 100		modulatorIndex contains the 0-based index of the modulator in question
Sequence Rate	note_sequence	instrument	RATE	0.01 - 100		seqIndex contains the 0-based index of the note sequence in question
All Notes Off	general	instrument	ALL_NOTES_OFF	true

1. NOTE: The indexes of the parameter list also include UI controls that are not editable, such as <label> UI controls, so you’ll want to account for that when calculating your positions.

   Here’s a quick example:

   If your UI’s <tab> section has the following elements under it: <label>, <control>,<label>,<control>. The position indexes of the four elements will be 0, 1, 2, 3. Therefore, the indexes of the two <control> elements will be 1 and 3, respectively.

2. NOTE: If your sample library manipulates start, end, loopStart, or loopEnd after a sample library’s initial load, the sample playback engine must be in RAM/Memory mode (not disk streaming) or you will get very unpredictable results. In order to enforce this, sample creators should use the playbackEngine attribute.

Translation Modes

There are currently three binding translation modes: linear, table, fixed_value

Mode #1: linear

linear mode allows values that come in to be scaled up or down before they get passed along to the binding’s target. If you set your translation mode to linear you should also translationOutputMin and translationOutputMax.

Example usage:

<binding level="ui" type="control" position="0" parameter="value" translation="linear" 
               translationOutputMin="0" translationOutputMax="1"/>

Mode #2: table

table mode allows you to transform the binding’s input in a more complex fashion before it gets passed along to the binding’s target. If you set your translation mode to table you must define the translationTable parameter as well. This consists of a series of input-output pairs, separated by semi-colons.

Mode #3: fixed_value

fixed_value mode allows you to completely disregard the input of a binding and instead always use a supplied value. In order to use this translation mode, you must also specify a translationValue. This can be very useful when trying to have menu options enable and disable groups. An example usage:

<binding type="general" level="group" position="1" parameter="ENABLED" translation="fixed_value" translationValue="true" />